Hard Tennis Courts Experience tennis' rich heritage! The Comf
Hard Tennis Courts Experience tennis' rich heritage! The Comfort of Clay - The Speed of a Hard Court VersaCourt tile systems are ideal for creating a fast playing surface without the related pain and injury risks associated with typical hard courts, Understanding the common types of tennis court damage and how to effectively repair them is crucial for maintaining a top This guide explores the main types of tennis courts—acrylic hard, clay, natural grass, and artificial turf—highlighting why artificial grass tennis courts stand out, Learn how each surface impacts gameplay, player performance and match strategy, A Field and Gymnasium Use Application Form is needed for any rental, Jul 3, 2024 · Players usually transition from clay-court tournaments in the spring to play on grass in the early part of the summer and then settle in for hard-court season in late summer and fall, Hard Court Tennis Balls Discover our premium selection of hard court tennis balls, designed for optimal performance on any hard surface, Open and Australian Open, It is one of the things that makes tennis unique, as very few other sports have such different playing surfaces out there, 55 to $1, Known for being the tennis shoe of choice for one of the greatest players of all time, Rafael Nadal, The downside is it broadens the search for materials when building or renovating a tennis court, Jul 9, 2025 · The grass tennis courts of Wimbledon are among the most recognizable in the world, The rate and type of injuries in tennis can be influenced by various factors, including the playing surface, Similar to clay courts, most injuries for grass court players can be in the upper limbs from extending for the ball, These systems are classified as cushioned hard courts, since they are acrylic-based in formulation, These courts are made with an asphalt or concrete base that is coated with acrylic, The body discusses our primary picks and what makes them effective, Oct 16, 2023 · Here's a guide to the different tennis court surfaces including clay courts, hard court and grass courts, Apr 7, 2025 · Finding the best hard court tennis shoes can be challenging, Balls bounce high, allowing players to dictate how much spin they want to put on the ball, This article will explore what hard court tennis is made of, the different materials used in construction, the advantages and Jul 28, 2023 · Learn more about three court surfaces frequently used in pro tennis tournaments and how their varied differences impact play, The characteristics of hard courts greatly influence the game, impacting players’ performance, strategy, and overall experience, May 3, 2023 · Are you confused about the kind of tennis shoes you should buy? Then be sure to check out our compilation of the 10 best tennis shoes for hard court, Jan 25, 2024 · Each tennis court surface comes with its own set of benefits and challenges, and where some players may have an advantage, others may struggle, Explore materials like asphalt, clay, and grass, plus tips on maintenance! Tennis court in Petäjävesi, Finland Tennis is played on a variety of surfaces and each surface has its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game, Whether you’re managing a tennis facility at a school, municipality, club, or private property, resurfacing can extend the life of your court while ensuring a top Jan 23, 2024 · Each tennis court surface comes with its own set of benefits and challenges, and where some players may have an advantage, others may struggle, That expands the possibilities to find exactly what you need, Understanding these surfaces is essential for players, coaches, and enthusiasts Aug 28, 2023 · Tennis is a sport known for its diverse playing surfaces, each offering distinct characteristics that impact the game’s dynamics, Mar 14, 2025 · Hard Tennis Courts To answer the question of what surface is tennis played on the most, the clear front-runner is hard courts, Some common tennis court types are: Hard Courts Hard courts are one of the most common surfaces for schools and other athletic facilities in the US, Read on Sep 11, 2025 · The 7 best hard court tennis shoes based on extensive wear and lab testing, The type of surface that a tennis court is made of can significantly impact how the game is played, as each surface has unique characteristics and requires different strategies and techniques, Although early forms of tennis were played on hard surfaces, it wasn’t until later in the 20th century that they regained legitimacy in the modern era, All three have their benefits and all three result in a very different bounce of the tennis Tennis courts are constructed of multiple layers, the least of which is the visible surface (clay, hard, and grass), Grass vs clay vs hard court? Understand all types of tennis courts from their characteristics to their impact on players in this article! Jan 28, 2025 · While grass, clay, and hard courts dominate professional tennis, there has been a growing interest in alternative and hybrid surfaces, Hard courts are made from materials like asphalt or concrete, making them durable, low-maintenance, and Hard court tennis surfaces in a variety of colors, Hard courts provide a fast playing surface and consistent bounce, Tailored court maintenance for every surface Proper maintenance is essential to keep tennis courts in peak condition, but different types of courts require different care to maintain their unique properties, Contact Sport Surfaces for cost info on Har Tru vs Hard Court conversions and clay tennis court construction, The Miami Open, which takes place every year at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, FL, is home to some of the best tennis players on the planet, Low Maintenance: These courts require This guide explores the main types of tennis courts—acrylic hard, clay, natural grass, and artificial turf—highlighting why artificial grass tennis courts stand out, Below, we will look at each type of tennis court, explaining its composition and how it plays, We explore the different types of tennis courts and what their strengths and weaknesses are, S, More practically, if you’re looking to build a tennis court or verify the construction of an existing Dec 30, 2023 · Discover how different tennis court surfaces like grass, clay, hard, and synthetic influence the game's speed and players' strategies, In this article, well discuss the traits of a Har-Tru court, the benefits and challenges of playing on one, the cost of installation, and alternatives to Har-Tru courts, Discover the benefits of hard courts and how they compare to other tennis surfaces, Hard Court with Acrylic Color (Hard Surface/Medium-Fast Pace/Low Maintenance) Hard courts typically consist of an asphalt or concrete base which is patched, sealed and colored with an acrylic court surfacing system, Jan 22, 2024 · This article discusses the shoes requirements to play on hard courts and what are the best tennis shoes for hard courts in 2022, The most compelling advantage of an asphalt tennis court is that it requires little or no maintenance Oct 16, 2023 · Here's a guide to the different tennis court surfaces including clay courts, hard court and grass courts, Hard court tennis surfaces in a variety of colors, Apr 23, 2021 · Hard courts offer a medium-to-fast paced tennis ball, as the smooth court surface doesn’t absorb or drag at the speed of the shot, Contractors, clubs, homeowners, maintenance personnel, and players rely on Har-Tru for an innovative, durable, high performance hard court, Each of these surfaces has numerous subclasses, Their durability makes them a top choice for schools, public parks, and sports facilities with high foot traffic throughout the year, The three primary types of tennis court surfaces—grass, clay, and hard courts—each present unique characteristics that significantly impact gameplay, player performance, and overall match outcomes, Jun 5, 2022 · Though the measurements of all tennis courts are the same, the variety of surfaces on which matches are played can be segregated into three primary types – grass courts, hard courts and clay courts, Get expert guidance today! Mar 25, 2020 · Tennis is probably one of the few games in the world that is played on a variety of surfaces be it grass, clay or hard courts each of those surfaces has smaller subsets made up from different materials like concrete, artificial grass and acrylic, Oct 14, 2025 · Constructing a tennis court can be a rewarding project for DIY enthusiasts, offering personal satisfaction and long-term value to your property, Aug 16, 2023 · The first hard-court shoe on my list is the Nike Air Zoom Cage 4, Jul 14, 2025 · Hard courts are the most common type of tennis surface, and for good reason, FDC has built 30 courts every year for the two week tournament including a stadium court, ten tournament courts and all of the practice courts, Feb 28, 2024 · Discover the factors influencing tennis court construction costs and get budgeting advice for informed decisions, Over time, this can lead to various types of damage that affect the performance and safety of the court, Mar 27, 2023 · Tennis courts provide a platform for players to compete and showcase their skills, Nov 25, 2023 · Clay Tennis Court vs Hard Tennis Court: Dive into the definitive guide, Apr 16, 2025 · Discover the best types of tennis court surfaces with our expert guide, Mar 14, 2025 · Where to play tennis in Miami during the Miami Open While the pros take over Hard Rock Stadium, spend the day at these top Miami tennis court destinations, Tennis courts are our speciality With extensive experience, Dragon Courts is the leading hard court maintenance expert in the United Kingdom – our professional teams are unrivalled in delivering a first-class service, Gyms and athletic fields may be rented on a limited basis depending on availability, Engineered with durable materials, these balls provide excellent bounce and consistent playability, ensuring you can elevate your game, While injury rates can be affected by multiple variables, some studies and observations suggest that clay and grass courts may be associated Clay Tennis Courts When you think of clay courts, you might picture the French Open at Roland Garros and the legendary Rafael Nadal, From grass, hard, to clay find out how each is different, Hard court tennis - deconstructing the hard court It has been almost 40 years since the US Open made the switch from grass (via three years on green clay) to hard courts, a move that changed tennis for good, This comprehensive guide breaks down the construction process, from site selection and planning to choosing the right surface and fixtures, For instance, the hard courts at my tennis club are much faster than the hard courts at my high school, Tennis courts include, hard courts, grass courts, and clay courts, Find out the advantages, disadvantages and which ATP and WTA tournaments use each of them, Hard, Clay, Grass and Artificial grass Tennis court, Hard courts are constructed from asphalt or concrete bases, and usually coated with 100% acrylic color coating systems, Clay courts are soft, slow surfaces made of crushed brick or stone, For nearly 100 years, Har-Tru has engineered and manufactured the surfaces, equipment, and amenities that go into making a great court, Oct 1, 2025 · Throughout the tennis season, matches are played on three distinct types of courts, The SportMaster ProCushion system is designed to provide player comfort and minimize shock on the body, Oct 28, 2024 · Grass Court Injuries Compared to hard courts, grass courts tend to cause less injury, Understanding these surfaces is essential for players, coaches, and enthusiasts Active Pickleball & Tennis Center (APTC) located on the Queens College Campus, Unlike clay courts or grass courts, which offer a softer, more forgiving surface, hard courts are typically made from asphalt or concrete, often topped with an acrylic layer for added durability and playability, Apart from that, it’s one of the most popular tennis shoes in the world, both at the recreational level and the pro scene, Discover the newest advancements in tennis court surface materials, If your tennis court was properly built, per the guidelines of the American Sports Builders Association, the natural slope and weather will help to minimize accumulation of debris and water, The International Tennis Federation (ITF) lists different surfaces and Asphalt tennis courts, often grouped under hard courts, are highly favored due to their practicality and durability, The right shoe can improve performance and reduce injury risk, When converting a hard court to a Har-Tru court, the new court is actually constructed right on top of the old one, Cushioned tennis court surfaces are available as a premium option, when surfacing tennis, basketball, and other sport courts, All-Star Tennis Courts: Tennis Court Equipment for Hard Court Surfaces Owning or operating a tennis court is a rewarding venture, provided you choose the right surface and care for it attentively, An Aug 20, 2025 · Wondering which is the fastest surface in tennis? Learn how grass, clay, and hard courts impact speed, bounce, and play style for faster performance, The construction of hard tennis courts involves a meticulous selection of materials to Types of tennis courts, there are four different types of tennis court for example, Nov 28, 2025 · Tennis tournaments across the world are played on a range of different surfaces, each of which has its own characteristics that impact the match in a different way, , These courts are usually constructed using a base layer of asphalt, which is then topped with an acrylic coating for a smoother surface and better bounce, Below is a detailed look at maintenance and resurfacing practices based on the most common court surfaces: hard courts, clay courts, grass Are you a tennis enthusiast looking to up your game? You might be wondering what the difference is between clay and hard tennis courts, What Surfaces is Tennis Played On? The U, Explore more at Home Court Advantage, May 21, 2025 · No matter the surface, proper care and investing in tennis court maintenance equipment will preserve your court’s condition for decades of future play, We have 6 well lit climate controlled indoor hard tennis courts and 6 newly renovated outdoor courts all year round, Even at the highest level of international competition, professional tournaments are held on a variety of different surface types, PROFLEX HARD COURT SURFACES Performance hard courts from a trusted source For nearly 100 years, the tennis industry has relied on Har-Tru for premium-quality courts and equipment, The rubberized sub-layers absorb energy and reduce strain on the Mar 23, 2013 · If you’re new to tennis, it’s worth taking time to understand the dimensions, layout, and various parts of a tennis court, The international tennis federation (IFT) regulates and classifies these different tennis court surfaces by their theoretical speed, The on-court performance with the Cage 4 is super solid, Hard courts, typically made from asphalt or concrete, surfaced in the 20th century and are now among the most common types of tennis courts worldwide, But despite its fame, grass is one of the rarest surfaces on which tennis is played today; many tennis fans and Jul 10, 2024 · Discover how grass, clay, and hard courts affect your tennis game, One of the most common playing surfaces for tennis is the hard court, Explore the various types and discover ways to enhance your performance, Learn about their unique characteristics and find tips to improve your performance on ea Fast-Dry Courts is the Official Tennis Court Contractor of the Miami Open, Because they have faster, more solid surfaces with Hard courts are the most common and widely used tennis court surfaces throughout the world, and especially in the United States, With practical planning, design tips, and maintenance advice, you can create a high-quality, durable court that you can enjoy for many years, 4 layers make up a court: the formation, the foundation, the regulating base, and the wearing surface, There are four main types of courts depending on the materials used for the court surface: clay courts, hard courts, grass courts and carpet courts, Jul 8, 2025 · Friction, speed and surprise: What sets Wimbledon’s grass courts apart from clay, hard courts Understanding how different tennis court surfaces like grass and clay play requires knowledge of the physics behind them, Aug 20, 2025 · Wondering which is the fastest surface in tennis? Learn how grass, clay, and hard courts impact speed, bounce, and play style for faster performance, These four categories also have various subtypes and artificial varieties, each with unique characteristics, General Policy Tennis Courts under the jurisdiction of the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District (HARD) are intended for recreational use by District residents in conjunction with District sponsored programs and classes, An Jan 23, 2024 · Each tennis court surface comes with its own set of benefits and challenges, and where some players may have an advantage, others may struggle, Because they have faster, more solid surfaces with Apr 19, 2024 · Explore the pros and cons of clay and hard tennis courts to find your best match, The type of tennis court surface that you play on can have a major influence on how the game is played as well as on the effects of Tennis on your body, Oct 7, 2024 · Tennis is a popular sport enjoyed by millions around the globe, The tennis court at a glance Dimensions of a tennis court, comparison of surfaces clay, hard court, grass, carpet With tips on court construction Tennis court maintenance is inevitable, but fortunately acrylic hard court surfaces require very little time and effort to maintain, Tennis Court Reservations Dec 3, 2024 · Proper maintenance and resurfacing are critical to ensuring the longevity and performance of a tennis court, 5, This ultimate guide presents essential information to help you design a To choose the best tennis shoe for various surfaces such as clay courts, hard courts or grass surfaces, focus on key features like support, grip and comfort, Hard court surfaces are one of the main surfaces used in professional tennis tournaments worldwide, including the U, All court surfaces go through a rigorous testing procedure before they can be approved as an official surface by the ITF, the tests take into Our clay courts typically cost 5 to 10% less to install than a hard court, and can be maintained in as few as 10 minutes a day, The first known hard courts appeared in the United States, offering a durable and relatively low-maintenance playing surface that quickly gained popularity, Among the various types of tennis courts, hard courts stand out as one of the most popular choices, often found in professional tournaments and recreational facilities alike, Mar 4, 2024 · Explore the unique surfaces of Grand Slam tennis: hard, clay, and grass courts, and their impact on gameplay and player success, Tailor your skills today! Learn about the differences between tennis court surfaces and how they can affect your game, From Grand Slam Events To Local Clubs, Explore The Diversity Of Court Surfaces, Incl, We’ll also introduce premium tennis turf products and cover common questions to help you find the right surface for your game, Tennis’ governing body recognizes carpet, sand, grass and hard courts, Apr 14, 2025 · Clay court tennis shoes, as opposed to hard court tennis shoes, are lighter, softer, and offer better grip on the slippery surface of clay tennis courts, Sports Construction and Consulting Active Sports' team of experienced professionals specializes in the construction, resurfacing, repair, and maintenance of hard and clay tennis courts, Choosing the right tennis court colours means thinking about looks, how easy it is to see the ball, and how well the colours hold up outside, In this guide, we’ll discuss the proper tennis footwear for different court surfaces, which are just as important as honing your technique to excel on the tennis court, Mar 25, 2025 · Tennis mainly consists of hard and soft court types such as carpet and grass courts, Jun 13, 2024 · There are various tennis court surfaces that provide unique challenges for players, Discover the strengths, weaknesses, and choose your winning court for an unparalleled playing experience, Oct 1, 2024 · FAQs about how often do tennis courts need resurfacing What is the typical lifespan of a well-maintained tennis court surface? The lifespan can vary greatly, but a properly maintained hard court could potentially last around 12-15 years for asphalt and 20 years for concrete, May 2, 2025 · Tennis can be played on four different court surfaces: grass, clay, hard, and carpet, Hard courts are characterized by medium or high speed play since there is little energy absorption from the hard court, The surface type significantly influences the required upkeep, and neglecting these needs can lead to costly repairs or unsafe playing conditions, Plastic, asphalt, different types of grass or a blend of various granules are just a few of the top-level decisions Jan 23, 2024 · Each tennis court surface comes with its own set of benefits and challenges, and where some players may have an advantage, others may struggle, Jul 16, 2025 · Tennis court resurfacing costs $0, This article will discuss and analyze the three main types of tennis court surfaces: hard, clay, and grass, and examine Tennis court resurfacing is a crucial step in maintaining the playability, safety, and aesthetics of a court, This causes the ball to have a high bounce, Lesson will be catered to each person’s individual needs, Knowing the differences in court construction, play, and maintenance requirements can help you make an informed decision when choosing a court to play on, They produce high bounces and favor long rallies and baseline play, Make an informed choice for your game style and health, Learn about the different types of hard court tennis surfaces, factors to consider in construction, steps in installation, and maintenance tips, Dive into our Tennis Court Surfaces Guide to master every game! Learn the impact of clay, grass, and hard courts on play, complete with history and tips, From this article you will find the detailed explanations of the court types, This is due to the materials in the top surface of the court, From hard courts to grass and clay, understand how each surface impacts ball bounce, player movement, and strategy, Hard courts support a balanced mix of power and control, For people who don’t have the opportunity to play on clay, grass, and hard courts, what exactly is the difference between all three? It can be a totally different playing experience going The Orlando Tennis Centre offers lighted clay and hard tennis courts for tennis players of all skill levels to enjoy, Learn how innovative materials enhance play and durability in modern courts, Grass and clay courts rank similarly when it comes to injury levels and also injury location, Most installations are new facilities, although it is becoming more common to rebuild existing facilities by overlaying the existing courts with a clay court system, Har-Tru courts are some of the most sought-after tennis courts in the world, and for good reason, Jan 24, 2024 · Explore how tennis courts different types of surfaces, including grass, clay, and hard courts, influence gameplay, Review pros and cons of different court surface types like Har-Tru clay courts, asphalt courts, concrete hard courts, and synthetic surfaced courts like ClayTech and artificial turf, We offer construction, consulting and design services for residential, schools and universities, private clubs and public facilities, Jul 11, 2024 · Advantages of Hard Tennis Courts Certainly! Here are the advantages of hard tennis courts, presented point by point: Durability: Hard courts, typically made from asphalt or concrete, offer exceptional durability compared to other surfaces like grass or clay, Learn about materials, performance, durability, and installation tips, Tennis surfaces in blue, green, and 14 other colors, for hard courts and cushioned hard courts, Clay courts, Hard courts, ClayTech, and HydroCourt and HyQ all have distinct needs, from regular resurfacing to specific irrigation methods, The most compelling advantage of an asphalt tennis court is that it requires little or no maintenance Jun 2, 2025 · Discover key tennis court surface types—grass, and synthetic acrylic, Apr 22, 2025 · Choosing the right tennis shoes for hard courts is crucial for performance and comfort, They can withstand heavy use and varying weather conditions without significant wear and tear, Hardcourt Tennis hardcourt, Curtiss Park, Saline, Michigan A hardcourt (or hard court) is a type of surface or floor on which a sport is played, most usually in reference to tennis courts, Hard courts demand shoes with excellent grip and support, If youre looking for the perfect court to practice your backhand or serve, youve likely heard of Har-Tru Tennis Courts, It is typically made of rigid materials such as asphalt, cement, concrete, and covered with acrylic resins to seal the surface and mark the playing lines, while providing some cushioning, The conversion procedure begins by installing a layer of modified stone right on top of the existing hard tennis court surface, Gym & Athletic Field Rentals Available by written request and reservation permit only! The District manages five gymnasiums and a variety of athletic fields, Introduction to Tennis Court Surfaces Tennis is a sport deeply influenced by the surface upon which it is played, May 3, 2023 · It’s common knowledge that the tennis court surfaces highly influence the bounce of a tennis ball, A Hard Court or Hardcourt is a surface or floor on which a sport of tennis is played, Discover the different types of tennis courts, from grass to clay and hard, Over time, even the most well-built courts wear down due to use, weather exposure, and lack of regular maintenance, Nov 5, 2024 · Constructing a tennis court is a venture that requires critical decisions, such as selecting the right location and surface materials and designing effective drainage and lighting, Types of tennis courts, there are four different types of tennis court for example, Hard courts are very popular among our customers for a variety of reasons, and Australian Opens are played on hard courts, while the French Open at Roland-Garros is played on red clay courts, and Wimbledon, the oldest tennis Choosing the type of service for your tennis or pickleball court can be a difficult decision, Aug 16, 2024 · Hard court tennis courts are a popular choice for players around the world due to their durability, consistent performance, and relatively low maintenance, Private lessons and semi-private lessons are offered to those seeking individual attention, Clay, tennis, asphalt courts, and more explained here, Dec 12, 2017 · What's the difference between clay, grass and hard tennis courts? Find out which is the fastest, gives the highest bounce and which players they benefit, May 18, 2025 · A hard tennis court, as the name suggests, is a court constructed from a rigid, solid material, Grass vs clay vs hard court? Understand all types of tennis courts from their characteristics to their impact on players in this article! May 15, 2025 · Clay Court vs Hard Court The main and primary difference between tennis clay vs hard court is that clay courts are slower and hard courts are faster, Carpet courts, which are made of artificial turf or synthetic materials, were once common but have largely disappeared from the professional circuit due to inconsistent ball bounce and player safety concerns, Oct 31, 2022 · Tennis is a sport with multiple types of acceptable playing surfaces, The construction of these courts involves a combination of materials, including asphalt, concrete, and acrylic coatings, each offering unique benefits and challenges, Read more, Clay courts and hard courts, tennis, pickleball, padel, hybrid surfaces, and everyday tools: we manufacture and May 15, 2025 · Clay Court vs Hard Court The main and primary difference between tennis clay vs hard court is that clay courts are slower and hard courts are faster, Some players prefer clay, some hard courts, some grass, but from an objective standpoint, which is the best surface for tennis? In this article, I will look at the pros and cons of various tennis court surfaces, particularly in terms of the speed of the court, how the balls bounce and how it can affect … Feb 16, 2022 · Tennis players often debate on what type of court is better - clay or hard courts? Here is the break-down of differences, so you can make the best decision for your game, 50 per square foot or $4,000 to $10,800 for a 120' x 60' acrylic hard court, Jul 7, 2025 · Hard Court Characteristics Hard courts, typically made from acrylic coatings over an asphalt foundation or concrete or asphalt foundation, offer the most balanced style of play, falling between the speed of grass and the slower tempo of clay, Learn the key differences right here, Jan 13, 2023 · Although a cost-effective alternative to natural grass or clay courts, they do not offer the same playing experience, We award the best overall, best for speed, best stability, best energy return, best shock absorption, best for beginners and best budget, Different tennis court surfaces can impact player movement, shoe traction, and the forces exerted on the body, leading to varying injury patterns, Famous for our American green clay courts, Har-Tru is the largest and most complete manufacturers of court surfaces, equipment, and accessories, The four most common types of tennis court are hard courts, clay, grass, and carpet (or synthetic turf), Their Influence On Tennis & Defining Characteristics, While injury rates can be affected by multiple variables, some studies and observations suggest that clay and grass courts may be associated Nov 28, 2025 · Tennis tournaments across the world are played on a range of different surfaces, each of which has its own characteristics that impact the match in a different way, In sunny, warmer states, using lighter colors will allow courts to stay cooler under the sun, Doing so will help instill confidence the first time you step out on the court while also helping you gain an early awareness of how tennis is a sport of angles, Clay courts are a world away from hard courts, offering a unique playing experience that favors strategic, defensive play and long, grueling rallies, Low Maintenance: These courts require Aug 21, 2024 · Common Tennis Court Damage and How to Repair It Tennis courts are subjected to constant wear and tear due to regular play, weather conditions, and environmental factors, What resurfacing options are available for hard courts? Standard resurfacing includes crack filling and re-coating of the acrylic surface, The VersaCourt systems’ slight vertical flex and side-to-side movement provides forgiveness for players’ knees, joints and lower backs, reducing the chance of injury during competitive play, There are basically three major types of court surfaces: Hard Courts, Grass Courts, and Clay Courts,
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